BIOGRAPHY STEFAN ZWEIG – Austrian author Stefan Zweig stands for his work as a biographer and his quick tales. A dedicated mental, pacifist and favorable to a European union, he expresses in “Le Monde d’hier” his nostalgia for a previous time and his discomfort.
Quick biography of Stefan Zweig – Born in 1881 within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the younger Stefan Zweig comes from a middle-class Jewish household, with out being introduced up within the precepts of faith. After graduating from highschool in 1900, he adopted a course in philosophy and the historical past of literature on the College of Vienna. In parallel, he writes, primarily poems and tales. He will get nearer to the motion Younger Vienna and its members, equivalent to Hermann Bahr, Arthur Schnitzler and Felix Salten. Subsequently, he traveled, notably to Germany. In 1910, he met Romain Rolland, with whom he shaped friendships. Each share the identical political concepts, the identical imaginative and prescient of a united and peaceable Europe. The First World Conflict influences Stefan Zweig, confronted with the horrors of the latter when he travels to Poland to review archival funds. He married in 1920 to his longtime accomplice Friderike Maria Burger. After the battle, Zweig expresses his want that the errors of the previous won’t ever occur once more.
Thanks to those interventions and his new Amok (1922), Stefan Zweig grew to become identified to most of the people. He tried his hand at all kinds of literary genres: novels, quick tales, biographies, performs, translations (Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, Verhaeren …). Along with Romain Rolland, he maintains common correspondence with the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. He took refuge in London to flee the persecutions of the Nazi regime at first of the Nineteen Thirties. Like many well-known Jewish authors (Albert Einstein, Bertolt Brecht …), his works had been burned throughout the autodafés of 1933. Throughout his travels, he fell in love with Brazil and settled there in 1940. There, he accomplished his autobiography, The World of Yesterday. He expresses his remorse at having witnessed the golden age and the gradual decline of European nations. He dedicated suicide along with his second spouse in 1942, on the age of 60.
Begun throughout his exile in England and accomplished shortly earlier than his suicide, The World of Yesterday is a autobiography by Stefan Zweig. Revealed posthumously in 1943, it recounts the occasions within the lifetime of the Austrian author, in addition to his imaginative and prescient on what he considers the “golden age” of European civilization and its inexorable decline. He expresses his regrets concerning the rise of nationalist and fascist regimes, partly attributable to the financial difficulties of the post-war interval. Stefan Zweig believes that he’s a part of a technology which has had the most effective years in Europe, however which paradoxically has additionally been confronted with the worst that would have been performed. He additionally describes his travels to the 4 corners of the world: from Russia to India, together with France, america and Brazil. It’s a part of friendships tied with the intellectuals of his time, whether or not Romand Rolland, Freud and even Émile Verhaeren. Having identified the 2 world wars, he expresses his skepticism vis-a-vis the concept a sturdy peace can exist between the assorted European nations and extra usually on a worldwide scale. This autobiographical account by Zweig remains to be very talked-about right now, primarily due to the very timeless character of its reflections, which may principally discover an echo in present affairs. A number of tens of hundreds of copies are offered annually. The movie Stefan Zweig, farewell to Europe (2016), directed by Maria Schrader, chronicles among the occasions of the top of the lifetime of the creator of Le Monde d’hier.
Stefan Zweig’s quick tales and novels
Stefan Zweig gained his fame due to his quick novels and quick tales, usually revealed within the type of collections. About forty tales have been written by the Austrian creator. His first information, Forgotten goals (1900), was revealed in a German newspaper when he was not even twenty years old. It’s with the gathering Amok in 1922 that he broke into romantic artwork. The brand new Amok or the Madman of Malaysia tells the story of a physician consumed with regret at his lack of ability to return to assistance from a lady wishing to have an abortion. One other piece of reports from the gathering, Letter from an unknown lady, facilities on a one-sided love story between a younger woman and a bestselling creator who has issue remembering the latter. In one other assortment revealed in 1927 entitled Confusion of emotions, Zweig describes within the eponymous quick story the ambiguous relations, typically pleasant typically chilly, between a younger pupil and his professor on the college. This assortment additionally incorporates the brand new Twenty-four hours within the lifetime of a lady, during which a younger bride leaves her trip spot with a stranger. The narrator, taking his protection, is supported by an old woman, who will inform him about her personal amorous affairs. One other quick novel, The Chess Participant, takes place on a liner the place the destinies of two chess gamers will cross. Revealed in 1943, that is one in all Stefan Zweig’s final productions. Two unfinished novels are revealed posthumously: Drunkenness of metamorphosis in 1984 and Clarissa in 1990.
Stefan Zweig’s biographies
Stefan Zweig has written a variety of biographies and essays specializing in the lives of historic figures. He frequented archives for his analysis. His capacity to talk and write in lots of languages (German, English, French and Italian) along with Austrian actually made it simpler for him. The perfect identified of his tales, on Magellan (1938), recounts the life and expeditions of the explorer. Zweig has by no means hidden his curiosity within the historical past of the nice European monarchies, as evidenced by two different of his biographical essays. The primary, on Marie Antoinette (1933), focuses on the spouse of Louis XVI, guillotined throughout the French Revolution. He additionally produced a biography of Marie stuart (1935), during which he recounts the tragic destiny of the sovereign of Scotland and inheritor to the dominion of England. In one other register, he revealed in 1929 the biography of Joseph Fouché, a politician with a controversial profession identified throughout the First Empire as Minister of Police. Stefan Zweig is the originator of essays on necessary intellectuals and writers, such because the thinker Erasmus, novelist Balzac or the poet Verlaine. He additionally pays tribute to his poet pals Émile Verhaeren and Roman Rolland by writing their respective biographies in 1910 and 1929. Lastly, in his final essay entitled Amerigo (1941), he wonders amongst different issues concerning the origins of the phrase “America” created from the identify of the eponymous explorer.
Stefan Zweig’s different achievements: poetry, theater …
Stefan Zweig began his writing profession with poetry, with out buying the identical repute as his pals Verhaeren and Rolland. Two collections of poems have been revealed: Silver strings (1901) and Early Crowns (1906). His performs have, nevertheless, met with some vital success, if not thought-about as masterpieces. We will cite Thersite (1907), Legend of a lifetime (1919) and its adaptation of Volpone (1925). Lastly, Zweig collaborated with German composer Richard Strauss within the early Nineteen Thirties for a opera entitled The silent lady. The primary efficiency happened in 1935 in Germany, however the opera was canceled as a result of it was written by a Jew and subsequently incompatible with the values of the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler.
- November 28, 1881: Start of Stefan Zweig
- Stefan Zweig was born on November 28, 1881 in Vienna, capital of Austria and on the time a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He’s the son of Moritz Zweig, a Jew of Czech origin who made his fortune within the textile trade, and Ida Brettauer. He has a brother two years older than Alfred. The 2 youngsters had been introduced up with respect for a sure secularism, and by no means actually adopted Jewish teachings; which is why Stefan did not like being labeled with this label. Their mom has a number of origins (German, Italian and Swiss), the Zweig brothers had been used to talking international languages from a really younger age. Stefan is subsequently from an early age multilingual in English, French and Italian.
- February 22, 1942: Loss of life of Stefan Zweig
- Stefan Zweig dedicated suicide at his house in Petrópolis, Brazil on February 22, 1942. A yr after his divorce from Friedrike in 1938, he settled completely in South America till the top of his life and married Lotte Altmann. The latter ends her life alongside her husband by the identical course of: poisoning with veronal. The explanations for his suicide are nonetheless unclear right now, however the path of melancholy appears believable. Plainly Zweig, becoming a member of Brazil and chopping himself off from the remainder of the world, didn’t endure the loneliness and separation with these near him. He leaves behind no offspring.
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